Industrial ventilation differs from residential ventilation not only in scale, but also in the equipment used, requirements and a number of other parameters.

Ventilation of industrial premises must cope with a number of complex tasks

Ventilation systems in industrial enterprises have to cope with a number of difficult tasks: with the extraction of a large volume of exhaust air from the premises, therefore, their design and installation must be approached with special attention.

Types of industrial ventilation

Like household ventilation, industrial ventilation is of two main types.

1. Natural - exhaust ventilation, in which air circulation in the object is carried out due to the natural flow of air masses through the ventilation ducts. The work of such a project is based on the difference in temperatures and pressures inside and outside the premises. Design industrial ventilation natural type should be carried out taking into account the amount of heat emitted from the production equipment.
2. Forced - ventilation system of premises, in which specialized equipment is used to circulate air masses. This scheme is good in that its performance and efficiency does not depend at all on weather conditions, and air supply and exhaust are provided by fans and other equipment.

Each of these industrial ventilation systems has its own installation and operation features, as well as advantages and disadvantages.

For example, installing industrial ventilation of a natural type will allow you to significantly save on ventilation of premises, but mechanical supply ventilation will cope with the removal and flow of air, regardless of the air temperature outside and other factors.

Features and principle of operation of industrial ventilation of natural type

If for your enterprise you have chosen the installation of industrial ventilation, which works exclusively due to the difference in temperature and pressure in the room and outside, then in this case the industrial equipment during operation should not emit harmful substances into the environment. Otherwise, it is impossible to do without supply and exhaust ventilation with air filtration.

In order for the exhaust air to leave the production premises in a natural way, it is necessary to calculate and install special ventilation openings, which must be located at different heights.

The principle of operation of natural air exchange in a room looks like this:

• heated air rises and leaves the premises through holes made in advance;
• heavier clean cold air descends through the same holes down;
• air flows are mixed, exhaust air goes outside, clean air enters inside.

Ventilation of industrial buildings in this way is rarely used, since its efficiency is not enough to provide a large industrial area with fresh air. Even the most accurate calculation will not help where the equipment works with the release of harmful substances into the air.

Benefits of forced industrial ventilation

Industrial ventilation systems that use specialized ventilation equipment to ensure efficient air exchange are much more efficient and boast their own advantages.

1. Large coverage area - industrial air handling units use special powerful fans that provide an intense air flow.
2. Efficiency - the operation of an industrial ventilation system does not depend on any external conditions.
3. Additional capabilities - this includes the ability of supply and exhaust systems to filter air at facilities, humidify or dry it.
4. Targeted air supply - with proper design and installation, it is possible to supply fresh air directly to the workplace.
5. Increased work safety - ventilation of forced-type industrial facilities can trap and remove harmful substances, hazardous gases from the air in an industrial building, and clean air masses.
6. Possibility of carrying out assembly work in buildings after their construction is completed. This favorably distinguishes forced ventilation from natural ventilation, the design of which must be done at the design stage of the entire building.

The disadvantages of a forced ventilation system include the high cost of equipment that the system needs to fulfill its purpose.

The main disadvantage of forced ventilation is the high cost.

In addition, the equipment for the circulation of air masses during operation makes a lot of noise, therefore, when installing such installations at the enterprise, it will also be necessary to calculate the sound insulation.

Types of industrial forced ventilation systems

The purpose and classification of supply and exhaust ventilation can be different. There are five types of forced ventilation.

1. General ventilation - such ventilation provides air exchange throughout the entire territory of the facility. Most often, such a hood is installed in rooms where work is carried out with toxic and harmful substances for the environment, as well as where there are no fixed jobs.
2. Local ventilation of industrial enterprises - such ventilation is used where it is necessary to provide effective air extraction in a specific area. For example, local equipment is used for its intended purpose, if it is necessary to remove exhaust air at the center of emission of harmful substances.
3. Mixed type - by installing such exhaust equipment, you guarantee the ability not only to carry out general air exchange, but also to carry out ventilation in the workplace.

Regardless of the type, the design of ventilation for an industrial building involves a complex calculation. In ventilation systems, different principles of air supply are distinguished:

• supply air - the exhaust scheme implies the presence of an injection fan, and the exhaust air is released due to the fact that the pressure in the room increases;
• exhaust - when such a system is installed in a room, the fan operates to drain air masses, but their entry from outside occurs due to rarefied pressure;
• supply and exhaust - such schemes are the most effective, since in them both the air flow into the building and the outflow are carried out using specialized equipment;
• recirculation - the calculation of such a system is made in such a way that the exhaust air is cleaned with the help of special filters, and then returned to the room again, representing a closed supply and exhaust circuit.

When installing the required system, it is necessary to take into account the working conditions at the facility, as well as the needs of production.

Industrial ventilation equipment

Installation of industrial ventilation systems involves the use of specialized equipment. During calculations, some of its characteristics may change, but the main components remain unchanged.

1. Ventilation ducts are special pipes, the cross-section and size of which depends on the amount of air that must be driven out per unit of time. The efficiency of the entire system depends on the correct design of the channels, it is through them that air is transported through the object. Channels can be made of plastic, aluminum, metal and other materials.
2. Fans are the main component of any air circulation system, provide the necessary power, and also set the direction of movement of air flows.
3. Shaped parts - like pipes, can be made of plastic; they serve to connect channels, create their turns and forks.
4. Filters - an industrial filter can trap large and small impurities that are inevitably found in the air of any industrial facility. To calculate the required type of filter, you need to know how dirty the air is at the facility.
5. Recuperators - the difference between an industrial ventilation recuperator and a household one lies in the fact that it is able to heat more air per unit of time.
6. Air conditioning systems - such systems must be equipped with ventilation if you want the air at the enterprise to be not only clean, but also fresh.

Recuperator - equipment for the ventilation system required for air heating

Typically, additional components can be used with basic ventilation equipment to increase the efficiency of the overall system.

Features of industrial ventilation design

Whatever the ventilation duct and whatever classification of the supply or exhaust equipment you use, certain points and parameters must always be taken into account when installing an air circulation system in an industrial enterprise.

Before proceeding with the calculation of ventilation, it is necessary to determine the basic conditions of the room, that is, its area, the type of equipment used, the configuration of the space, and much more.

It is worth considering the climatic features of the area in which the manufacturing enterprise is located. It is always necessary to take into account the purpose of the premises: if it is a plastics production workshop, then the capacity of the exhaust equipment must be sufficiently high.

The ventilation calculation should include the following data:

• section of the incoming and outgoing air channels;
• ventilation openings area;
• the frequency of air exchange;
• estimated capacity of the equipment;
• the amount of materials needed to build the system.

Calculation, design and installation of ventilation systems for industrial premises is a very complex and responsible process, which must be approached very carefully.

If you do not have the necessary skills and tools for this, then it is better to entrust this work to qualified professionals who will cope with it much better, and the system itself will last as long as possible and will effectively cope with the tasks set.

Before proceeding with the analysis of the direct installation of industrial ventilation, it is necessary to get an idea of \u200b\u200bthe goals and objectives of this type of ventilation systems. Industrial ventilation is a special type of ventilation system designed to handle large volumes of air. The main criterion for classifying ventilation systems as industrial is air flow. Currently, it is believed that industrial ventilation systems are systems that handle air flow rates exceeding 10 thousand cubic meters per hour.

The main feature of industrial ventilation is the fact that its use is carried out in conditions of intense steam and gas emission, which are accompanied by harmful emissions. Thus, we can conclude that the main purpose of the design and installation of industrial ventilation systems is to maintain the air composition in industrial premises, in accordance with the norms of SaNPin.

Types of industrial ventilation systems

All types of industrial ventilation can be divided into 2 groups: natural and mechanical. The criterion for their separation is the way the air is induced. In the case of natural ventilation, the movement is driven by wind or gravitational forces, while in the case of mechanical ventilation, various devices are used, in particular fans.

There are several types of industrial ventilation systems, depending on the way they are used:

System type	Characteristic
General exchange	Used throughout the room
Local	Used in a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe room
Local	Used to remove contaminants and harmful substances in places of their formation
Anti-smoke	It is used in appropriate technological situations in production, most often emergency.

Industrial ventilation systems construction

Ventilation standards for industrial premises are fixed by SNiP (building codes and regulations) 2.04.05-91 and 41-01-2003. According to these documents, the installation of industrial ventilation must be carried out in all industrial premises without exception, regardless of their functional purpose, area and number of people working in them.

Industrial ventilation system objectives:

• providing workers with fresh air;
• removal of dust and harmful odors from the premises;
• filtration of harmful impurities formed during the main or auxiliary technological process.

Industrial ventilation system composition

Mechanical ventilation can be supply, exhaust and supply and exhaust. From the main ventilation components (air intake grille, air valve, air filter, heat exchanger for heating the air (air heater), fan, silencer), it is possible to assemble a supply ventilation system capable of heating and cleaning the air from dust. The exhaust system consists of similar components with a reverse air direction. In addition, such a system lacks elements such as a heater and a filter, since air, as a rule, does not need to be processed. Currently, the most commonly used supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery due to its maximum efficiency. Supply ventilation with heat recovery can significantly save energy, since it is spent less on additional heating of the outside air with a heater.

Design principles

The modern market for engineering systems offers a huge selection of various ventilation systems that make it possible to create the most comfortable conditions in the workplace. The selected technological scheme must meet some basic criteria, namely:

• profitability;
• efficiency;
• reliability;
• quick payback.

It is important to understand that the installation of industrial ventilation systems must be carried out only by specialists with the appropriate level of qualifications and experience, however, it is worth paying attention to the general principles of design and installation of industrial ventilation systems.

Installation steps

The design and installation of industrial ventilation systems are subject to the general algorithm for the design and installation of various systems. The entire procedure for installing industrial ventilation can be conditionally divided into three stages:

A) preparatory period - calculations, design, selection of equipment, supply of components;

B) installation work - assembly of the air duct system, installation of equipment, assembly of the electrical panel, connection;

C) commissioning works - testing, performance check and commissioning.

Let's dwell on the detailed work algorithm.

1. Preparation of project documentation after receiving the initial documentation and technical specifications from the customer, which outline what needs to be done and what requirements are imposed.
2. Coordination of the work schedule with the customer.
3. Checking and studying the working documentation.
4. Production and supply of materials, ventilation equipment, etc. Preparation and approval with the customer of organizational issues for the production of work.
5. Reception of premises for installation.
6. Carrying out installation and hidden works. Laying of air duct networks in accordance with the project.
7. Individual testing of ventilation systems and other equipment.
8. Commissioning (all parameters, in particular air consumption, must be set in accordance with the project). Conducted by highly qualified installers or engineers.
9. Complex tests (testing of jointly working systems in all modes).
10. Commissioning (transfer of documentation, personnel training, if necessary).
11. It should be noted that upon completion of each item of the above algorithm, acts of work are signed.
12. The procedure for the design and installation of industrial ventilation systems must comply with State and Industry Standards (GOST and OST) "Installation of industrial ventilation and air conditioning systems" OST 36-134-86.

Let us dwell in more detail on the main aspects of all three stages of the installation of industrial ventilation systems.

Preparatory stage

The working documentation must meet two requirements: performance in accordance with GOST and the presence of a stamp of the production of work signed by the responsible person (all agreements with the customer must be recorded on paper).

Working documentation should contain:

• general production data (layout plan of ventilation units, characteristics of systems, system specification, material for the manufacture of air ducts, information on insulation of air ducts (heat and fire);
• drawing of the ventilation system (coordinate axes of the building, marks of clean ceilings, dimensional references of air duct installations to coordinate axes or structural elements, dimensions of the section of air ducts, places of insulation of air ducts);
• drawing of ventilation units (assemblies and places of fasteners, places of docking);
• drawings of general views of non-standard products and structures;
• drawings of atypical fasteners.

Preparing specification materials. The scope of work is indicated, information is given about the elevations of the air ducts by the height of the room, instructions on the assembly of parts of the air ducts into transportable units.Compiled routing - a document that allows you to perform an editing operation from start to finish. This document contains the following information:

• scope of work (conditions and features of work performance);
• technology and organization of work performance (requirements for the quality of previous work, requirements for work technology, technological schemes, in particular, insurance of ventilation system elements, transportation of products and materials);
• requirements for the quality and acceptance of works (requirements for the quality of supplied materials and products);
• operational quality control schemes (list of technological processes subject to control);
• safety engineering, labor protection, economic and fire safety;
• resource requirements (required machinery, tools and materials):
• technical and economic indicators (cost estimates and work schedule).

The work production project (PPR) must contain a title page, an explanatory note, a construction master plan, a building plan, a work schedule, flow charts, a cost estimate, a schedule for the supply of equipment to an object, a bill of materials and a list of mechanisms and tools. It is aimed at ensuring that the installation is carried out efficiently and on time. The initial data are the task for the execution of PPR and the construction organization project. Corresponds to the following objectives:

• organization of preparatory work;
• placing orders for the production of equipment;
• determination of storage locations for equipment and materials;
• compliance with safety requirements

A work schedule is drawn up (name of work and their volume).

When installing industrial ventilation, it is necessary to take into account many nuances and features that affect the efficiency of its operation and the durability of the structure. Please note that only highly qualified specialists with the appropriate theoretical knowledge and experience in performing such work should be engaged in the installation of the air exchange network.

It is also important to choose the right places for the installation of equipment, in particular ventilation units, heat exchangers, air heaters, filtration systems, etc.Further, from the location of the equipment, the wiring of the air ducts is carried out.

Duct mounts

It is necessary to take into account the structural features of the building itself, the design and material of the air ducts, as well as their orientation in space (vertical or horizontal). Air ducts are often attached to walls or ceilings using various fasteners such as a clamp, stud, traverse, etc. The methods of their fastening directly depend on the size and shape of the cross-section of the main channel that passes the air flows.

Ventilation ducts in industrial premises are usually fixed to the ceiling. In commercial premises, it is advisable to use air ducts made of plastic or copper, because of their greatest visual appeal.Currently, there are mainly two main types of air ducts in terms of material - rigid and flexible.

Hard: Manufactured from multilayer aluminum, galvanized steel and fiberglass. Almost the entire ventilation system is mounted from them. Special fittings are used to equip turns, contours and branches. If, according to the production conditions, it is planned to transport air containing aggressive impurities, then air ducts with a larger wall thickness should be used. Such air ducts are easy to install and have high air movement rates.

Ventilation system made of rigid ducts

Flexible: They are made in the form of a corrugated sleeve. The frame of such a duct is a rigid steel wire, coiled and covered with laminated foil or polyester. Attached to reinforcement rings that move along the wire. The advantage of coiled tubing is that it is easier to assemble and install. The negative aspect of this type of duct is large aerodynamic losses, therefore it is recommended to use such ducts in short sections at the connection of distribution grilles.

As noted above, one of the factors influencing the efficiency of the system is the shape of the duct section. Under equal conditions, circular air ducts have the following advantages over rectangular air ducts:

• less aerodynamic resistance to air flows,
• no need for flange connections,
• smaller surface area,
• lower cost,
• great practicality in terms of cleaning the duct.

Aerodynamic testing and balancing of the duct network

1. The bottom line: with the help of regulating devices (throttle valves and dampers), the air flow rates in each branch are balanced from top to bottom in the system.
2. Inspection of air distribution devices (check for interference around the device, serviceability of control devices).
3. Air ventilation system operation.

   
   In conclusion, let us dwell on how to properly use the industrial ventilation system.

   • It is necessary to maintain air mobility, stability of ventilation systems in terms of performance.
   • Ensure uninterrupted operation of ventilation systems of special technological complexes.
   • After current repairs, on their own or with the involvement of contractors, inspect all systems with the preparation of an appropriate act.
   • Do not allow unauthorized persons to enter the ventilation chambers.
   • Control devices must have adjustment measurements and be sealed.
   • Inspect ventilation shafts, air intake devices and ducts at least once every 3 months.

   *IMPORTANT! All ventilation systems should undergo scheduled maintenance, depending on their purpose, mode of operation and location. As a rule, the required maintenance schedule is established by the design, installation or service organization. But any system must be serviced at least once a year!

   Output

   Designing and installing an industrial ventilation system is a complex and demanding process. The finished air exchange network must comply with strict rules enshrined in the current building codes and regulations (SNiP) and state and industry standards. The microclimate in the room depends on how well the industrial ventilation system is designed and installed, which directly affects the production efficiency.

   
   

In order to create and maintain an optimal environment for efficient living, ventilation equipment must be installed. A modern ventilation system will provide filtered outside air in summer and heated air in winter. In addition, good ventilation will maintain a constant temperature and humidity, and control the concentration of harmful substances.

Ventilation types

There are several types of ventilation systems that can be grouped:

• By the way air moves (natural, mechanical)
• By the way of organizing air exchange (local, general)
• According to the principle of operation (exhaust, supply)
• By design (monoblock, type-setting)
• By the presence of air ducts (duct, channelless)

Whichever system you choose, a prerequisite must be to maintain a balance - a simultaneous inflow of outside air and exhaust exhaust. If the supply is insufficient, then the oxygen content will decrease, and the humidity and dust content will increase. If there is not enough hood, then polluted air, unpleasant odors, moisture and harmful substances will remain in the room.

Natural

Natural ventilation is simple, does not require energy consumption and complex equipment. But its effectiveness depends on temperature, wind speed, etc.

Mechanical

Mechanical ventilation moves air over long distances. Main equipment: fans, electric motors, air heaters, automation, dust collectors.

Supply systems

Supply systems are used in apartments and small premises. They supply air after preliminary preparation, including cleaning, cooling and heating. They can be completed in a single body or consist of various elements:

• Air intake grille
• Air valve
• Filter
• Air heater or air heater
• Silencer
• Fan
• Air ducts
• Air distributors
• Regulation and automation systems

Exhaust systems

Exhaust systems remove polluted air from the room. They can consist of one exhaust fan, but when cleaning several rooms, an intake duct network is required. Supply and exhaust combinations allow you to simultaneously supply and remove air. They are developed on the basis of ventilation units or consist of different elements.

Local and general exchange

The fight against harmful substances in the indoor air is carried out using local or general ventilation.

The general exchange one fights against harmful substances that are contained in the air of the entire room. When installing this type of ventilation, the volume of extract air is calculated so that the same amount of air is extracted from the room as is supplied to it. But if the air flow is not equal to the exhaust hood, the missing air volume is pumped from the premises nearby or through the openings of the fences.

Local ventilation removes hazardous substances from the room where they are generated.

The combined system, which includes general exchange and local exhaust systems, solves the ventilation problem as efficiently as possible.

Channel and channelless

Ducted and ductless ventilation systems are either a ducted system with a branched network of air ducts for moving air, or a system with missing ducts (air ducts), which is used when installing a fan in a ceiling or wall, with natural ventilation.

The company "NIMAL" is engaged in the design and sale of equipment for the organization of industrial ventilation systems at facilities in Moscow. We work on the terms of an official dealer of famous brands, have our own production facilities and a staff of highly qualified specialists.

Features and types of systems

Ventilation systems at industrial enterprises are designed to solve complex problems. They provide large exhaust air extraction.

Distinguish between natural and forced ventilation. With natural air circulation through the ventilation ducts, the system works due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the premises. Projects under this scheme are developed taking into account the heat load from machine tools and equipment.

Forced ventilation means that special devices are used to circulate air. Efficiency does not depend on the weather, exhaust and air supply are provided by fans.

General-purpose industrial ventilation with forced circulation is purchased to organize air exchange throughout the facility. It is suitable for rooms where hazardous substances are handled. When it is necessary to remove the emission of harmful substances in a certain place, local ventilation is used. Mixed installations perform air exchange, ventilation of workplaces.

According to the principle of air supply, systems are divided into:

• supply air - a blower is used for the hood, the exhaust air comes out due to an increase in pressure;
• exhaust - the fan ensures the outflow of air, the inflow of fresh air occurs due to the rarefied pressure;
• supply and exhaust - the most efficient designs, inflow and outflow is provided by specialized equipment;
• recirculating - the exhaust air is cleaned by filters and returned back, the system works in a closed circuit.

NIMAL specialists design and calculate ventilation taking into account the operating conditions of the facility, its area, configuration and type of equipment used.

We offer to buy industrial ventilation equipment for organizing effective air exchange at enterprises, we provide a range of services from system design to installation and commissioning at competitive prices in Moscow.

Equipment advantages

• Large coverage - the units use powerful fans to create an intense air flow.
• Functionality - the systems filter, humidify and dry the air. With proper design, you can organize the air supply to the workplace.
• Creation of a safe environment - the equipment removes hazardous gases, substances and purifies the air.
• Ease of installation - the devices can be installed in already built buildings.

Various types of ventilation equipment are presented for sale to complete any production facilities. We will advise you on the best choice.