"Kusaka" Andreeva L.N.

Features of the genre. The story is an epic genre; Small form of narrative literature; A small artwork, depicting a separate event in a person's life. Work L.N. Andreeva "Kusaka" is written in the magnitude of the story. In their artworks L.N. Andreev continues the literary tradition of the Writers of the XIX century - protects the humiliated and offended.

Themes and the problematics of the story. L.N. Andreev raises the topic of mercy, compassion in his small prosaic work "Kusaka". Describing the described situation, depressing the life of the dog, the writer makes people think about the consequences of their actions, teaches their humanity, merciful attitude towards people. Good and evil - two opposite concepts, two extreme positions. Good in dictionaries is interpreted as a positive, good, moral, decent imitation, what does not cause evil to other people. Evil - something bad, immoral, decent condemnation. In line with these ethical problems, there is a story L. Andreeva "Kusaka". The writer himself explains his position: "In the story" Kusaka "the hero is a dog, for all the living has the same soul, all the living suffers among the same sufferings and in great unfortunate and equality merges together before the formidable life of life. . The attitude towards animals is at L. Andreeva with one of the criteria of morality, and the naturalness and sincerity in communicating with them children withstand the mental worn and indifference to adults. The topic of compassion is revealed in the story through the descriptions of Cousa, the changed conditions of her life with the arrival of the summer of dacnis, the relationship of people to the homeless being. Often people offend the most defenseless. For example, in the story "Kusaka", one drunk regretted a dirty and ugly dog, but when she lay down in front of him, so that she was climbing, a drunk man "remembered all the offended people inflicted him with good people, felt boredom and stupidly angry and, with a swing Its in the side of the sock of heavy boot. " Kusaka "ridiculously tumbled, clumsily jumped and drunk around himself," and these actions of the dog caused a real laughter of dacnis, but people did not notice the "strange plea" in the eyes of the dog. The comfort of urban life is not consistent with the presence of a courtyard dog, so externally good people remain indifferent to the further fate of Kusaki, which remains one at the cottage. And even the gymnasian of Lelia, so loved the dog and asking her mother to take her with her, "At the station ... I remembered that I did not say goodbye to Couschak." Terrible and terriblely deceived at times dogs. "And to the one who heard this war, it seemed that it was moaning and rushes to the light herself overweight night, and wanted to warm to bright fire, to a loving female heart." The appearance of the cousaret changes depending on whether it feels love of people; First, "dirty and ugly", then she "changed to unrecognizable ..." and at the end- "re-industrial, dirty ..." in pursuit of amenities, material values People have forgotten about the most important: good, compassion, mercy. Therefore, the topic of compassion is relevant raised in the story "Kusaka". A person should think about the consequences of his actions, to defend the detour, all this and teaches the reader the work of the Russian writer Leonid Nikolayevich Andreeva. French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery said in one of his books that people are responsible for those whom they tamed. Those good people referred to in the story of L. Andreeva "Kusaka", with this truth of the unfamiliar. Their irresponsibility, their inability and unwillingness to take responsibility for those whom they have tamed, led to the road leading to evil.

Characteristics of heroes.

The image of the cousin. In his story, "Kusaka" Leonid Andreev brought the homeless dog in the image of the main character, which "did not belong to anyone."

Kusaka - no one who does not know the name, not knowing the name, lonely. The life of such animals is insane: "The guys threw in her stones and sticks, adults have fun hung and scary, piercingly whistles." Fear, alienation and malice - these are the only feelings that the dog experienced. With the onset of spring, the life of the dog changed: the good people settled on the abandoned dacha, and especially the gymnasics of Lelia, climbed the dog: she had a name, she began to feed it, caress. Kusaka felt her belonging to people, "she took her implacable malice." Kusaka is striving for people with all his being, but unlike domestic dogs "she did not know how to caress," the movements, the jumps were awkward, causing all the unrestrained laughter. Kusaka wanted to please, and only his eyes were full of "strange plea". The writer does not write about what the dog asks, but a thoughtful reader understands that at the cottage Kusaku is perceived as a living toy that fills the mercy of monotonous summer days. Sades do not think over the true feelings of the dog. But, in spite of everything, Kusaka is grateful to people, now "I don't need to take care of food, since in a certain hour the cook will give her lesions and bones." The character of the dog has changed: she became more open, "I was looking for and asked for caressing," I was happy to silent the old Dacha, guarded the dream of people. With the onset of autumn, the life of Kusaki changed again: people gathered to return to the city, where they don't need a courtyard dog: "We have no yard, but you can not keep it in the rooms, you yourself understand." The state of lost in the animal transmit descriptions of the outgoing summer: "The rain was taken to go, then subsided", "the space between the blackened earth and the sky was full of brewing, fast walking clouds," the "sunbeam, yellow and anemic", "Wyry and sadness became a foggy Autumnal Dal. In this episode, Kusaka is compared with the fool of Ilyosha, over which people laugh and which are also not understood and alone. Kusaka again remained alone at the cottage. But now the life of the dog is still hard, since she again turned out to be thrown by those people who loved and who trusted: "The dog has rode - exactly, persistently and hopelessly calmly." Characterizing the image of Kusaka, ji.h. Andreev uses various techniques: describes the feelings and behavior of the animal, compares the state of the dog with paintings of nature, compares the attitude of people to weak and defenseless: to the fool Ilya and Kusaka.

The role of the landscape in the story. Landscape in the literature - an image of a living and inanimate nature. The psychological function of the landscape - the state of nature correlates with feelings and experiences. A special case when nature becomes an acting face of the work, such as the dog Kusaka at Andreeva. An important role in the transfer of the mood of Kusaki is played by the descriptions of nature. When the cousabar is alone - in nature everything is gloomy; cold, slush, rain; When Kusaka loves and loved, then around the sun, warm, blooming apple trees and cherries.

She did not belong to anyone; She did not have his own name, and no one could say where she was in the whole long frosty winter and what was fed. From warm ravings, the courtyard dogs were distilled off, the same hungry, like she, but proud and strong belonging to the house; When, persistent with hunger or instinctive need for communication, she shown on the street, - the guys threw them with stones and sticks, adults hung funly hung and scary, piercingly whistled. I do not remember myself from the fear, revealed from the side to the side, accompanied by chambers and people, she rushed to the edge of the village and hid in the depths of the Big Garden, in one of her famous place. There Sleep lied bruises and wounds and saved fear and malice alone. Only once her sorry and fit. It was a designer-man returned from the Kabaka. He loved everyone and regretted everyone and said something under his breath about good people and his hopes for good people; He also regretted the dog, dirty and ugly, on which his drunk and broadcasting look accidentally fell. - bug! He called her name, general all dogs. - bug! Go here, do not be afraid! Bug really wanted to come; She wieled the tail, but did not decide. The man patted himself with his knee hand and convincingly repeated: - Yes, go, fool! By God, not the throne! But, while the dog hesitated, all rapidly waving his tail and little chambers moving forward, the mood of a drunken man changed. He remembered all the offenses inflicted by him with good people, felt boredom and stupid malice and, when the bug fell in front of him on his back, with a swing poked her in the side of a heavy boot. - U-y, scum! Also climbs! The dog brighten, more from surprise and resentment than from pain, and a man, staggering, walked home, where long and hurts his wife and squeezed a new handkerchief, who last week bought her as a gift. Since then, the dog did not trust people who wanted to climb her, and, prying the tail, flee away, and sometimes he was thrown on them and tried to bite down, while the stones and stick could not drive her. For one winter, she settled under the terrace of an empty dacha, who did not have a guard, and disinterestedly silent her: ran down at night on the road and barking to hoarseness. Already meld to his place, she still grumbled viciously, but through the anger looked at some contention to himself and even pride. The winter night stretched for a long time, and the black windows of empty giving sullenly looked at the icing stationary garden. Sometimes a bluish light flashed in them: it was reflected on the glass dropped a star, or a rigid-legged month sent his timid beam.

A dog living on the empty dacha, all his life sees from people only bad. The owners come to the cottage. The dog gets used to them, but in the fall they are leaving, leaving her again alone.

The dog sails the whole life to the world, where people and other dogs are offended. In winter, she finds an empty cottage, settled under her terrace and selflessly worshi.

Spring comes dackets. The first dog meets the girl, the gymnasium Leles. At the first meeting, the dog scares her, jumps out of the bushes and tears a piece from the dress. Over time, people get used to her and give her nicknamed Kusaka. Good daches feed the dog, and the Kusaka reduces the distance between themselves with each day, but it's still afraid to go closer. Lelya is still coming to the Cousa and strokes her. So the second time in life the dog trusted a person. From this point on, Cousaca is transformed, now it belongs to people and rightly serves them.

In the autumn Lely, together with his family leaves to the city. Kusaku is a pity, but you can not take a dog in the apartment. Before leaving, the girl comes to the garden, finds a dog. Together they go on the highway. "Boring," Lyla says, and goes back, and he remembers the dog only at the station.

The dog dares for a long time in the footsteps of the people left. Returning to the cottage and realizing that one was left again, she spends loudly from loneliness.

Stories Leonid Andreeva

A sad story about the homeless dog, which was very evil on people, for always thickened in her stones, sticks, beat her and piercingly whistles. Only once she trusted a drunk man who called her, but he also kicked her. And then she hollowed in her heart. Kusaka settled under the terrace of one of the country's houses, in which no one lived and guarded him. And when the country season came and the owners came, then during the day she was hiding from them, and at night she moved under the teras and guarded the house. At first she broke her gymnast dress, with anger, frightened all the children, for it, and got his nickname Kusaka. But the children were not offended on her, on the contrary, Lelia called her to himself and failed her sugar. For the second time in his life, she trusted people and this time her expectations were not deceived, all began to caress her. After that, her evil to people disappeared, and she became a real happy dog, who had the owners, nickling and even a house that could be protected. But happiness lasted for a long time, it's time for people to leave for the city, and Kusaka remained at the cottage, under the same terra, and very strongly for her owners ...

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I.

She did not belong to anyone; She did not have his own name, and no one could say where she was in the whole long frosty winter and what was fed. From warm ravings, the courtyard dogs were distilled off, the same hungry, like she, but proud and strong belonging to the house; When, persistent with hunger or instinctive need for communication, she shown on the street, - the guys threw them with stones and sticks, adults hung funly hung and scary, piercingly whistled. I do not remember myself from the fear, revealed from the side to the side, accompanied by chambers and people, she rushed to the edge of the village and hid in the depths of the Big Garden, in one of her famous place. There she lied his bruises and wounds and spread fear and malicue alone. Only once her sorry and fit. It was a designer-man returned from the Kabaka. He loved everyone and regretted everyone and said something under his breath about good people and his hopes for good people; He also regretted the dog, dirty and ugly, on which his drunk and broadcasting look accidentally fell. - Bug! - He called her name, general all dogs .- bug! Go here, do not be afraid! Bug really wanted to come; She wieled the tail, but did not decide. The man patted himself with his knee hand and convincingly repeated: - Yes, go, fool! By God, not the throne! But, while the dog hesitated, all rapidly waving his tail and little chambers moving forward, the mood of a drunken man changed. He remembered all the offenses inflicted by him with good people, felt boredom and stupid malice and, when the bug fell in front of him on his back, with a swing poked her in the side of a heavy boot. - U-y, scum! Also climbs! The dog brighten, more from surprise and resentment than from pain, and a man, staggering, walked home, where long and hurts his wife and squeezed a new handkerchief, who last week bought her as a gift. Since then, the dog did not trust people who wanted to climb her, and, prying the tail, flee away, and sometimes he was thrown on them and tried to bite down, while the stones and stick could not drive her. For one winter, she settled under the terrace of an empty dacha, who did not have a guard, and disinterestedly silent her: ran down at night on the road and barking to hoarseness. Already meld to his place, she still grumbled viciously, but through the anger looked at some contention to himself and even pride. The winter night stretched for a long time, and the black windows of empty giving sullenly looked at the icing stationary garden. Sometimes a bluish light flashed in them: it was reflected on the glass dropped a star, or a rigid-legged month sent his timid beam.

Spring has come, and the quiet cottage was announced loudly talking, creaking wheels and a dirty trap of people carrying gravity. We arrived from the city of Dachnik, a whole cheerful Vataga adults, adolescents and children, dried by air, warm and light; Someone shouted, someone sang, laughed at a high female voice. The first, with whom the dog met, was a pretty girl in a brown uniform dress, closing in the garden. Easternally and impatiently, wanting to embrace and squeeze in his arms, everything visible, she looked at the clear sky, on the reddish bumps of cherries and quickly lay down on the grass, face to the hot sun. Then he also suddenly jumped up and, hugging himself with his hands, kissing fresh mouths of the spring air, expressively and seriously said: - Here is a fun! She said and quickly spinned. And at the same moment, silently applied the dog violently clutched his teeth into the inflated hem of dresses, rushed and also silently disappeared in thick bushes of gooseberry and currant. - ah, evil dog! - Running, girl shouted, and for a long time, her agitated voice was still heard: - Mom, children! Do not go to the garden: there is a dog! Huge! .. Evil! .. At night, the dog burst into the falling dacha and silently lay down in his place under the terrace. It smelled by people, and in open windows, a quiet sounds of short breathing were brought. People slept, were helpless and not terrible, and the dog jealously silent them: he slept with one eye and with each rustle pulled her head with two fixed lights of phosphorically glowing eyes. And there was a lot of anxious sounds in a sensitive spring night: there was something invisible in the grass, small and selected to the most honesty dog's nose; Crusher last year's branch under the bird who fell asleep, and the cart rumbled on a close highway and creaked loaded by the car. And far from the stationary air spread out the smell of fragrant, fresh tar and manil into a brightening distance. The dackets came were very kind people, and the fact that they were far from the city, breathe a good air, saw around them all green, blue and unlobs, made them even kinder. The sun was in them the sun and went into a laugh and arrangement to the whole living. At first, they wanted to drive the dog that frightening them and even shoot her from the revolver if it would not be cleaned; But then they are accustomed to Laa at night and sometimes they remembered in the morning: - Where is our cousard? And this new name "Kusaka" remains behind it. It happened that during the day the dark body was noticed in the bushes, without a trace of the hands that had thrown bread, - as if it was not bread, but a stone, - and soon everything was accustomed to Kusaka, called her "her" dog and joked about her Wildness and unfortunate fear. Every day, Kusaka per step reduced the space that separated it from people; I looked at their faces and learned their habits: half an hour before lunch was already standing in the bushes and affectionately. And the same gymnasium Lelia, who forgotten offense, finally introduced it to a happy circle of vacationers and funny people. - Kunting, go to me! "She called to himself." Well, good, well, honey, go! " Do you want to sugar? .. Sakhara give you a lady, do you want? Well, go! But Kusaka did not follow: I was afraid. And carefully, patting himself with his hands and speaking as gentle, as it was possible with a beautiful voice and a beautiful face, Lelia had moved to the dog and was afraid itself: suddenly biting. - I love you, plumbing, I love you very much. You have such a pretty spout and such expressive eyes. You do not believe me, plug? Brows Leli climbed, and herself had such a pretty spout and such expressive eyes that the sun came smartly, kissing hotly, to the redness of the cheek, all her young, naive-adorable lear. And Kunting the second time in his life turned over the back and closed his eyes, not knowing, it would probably hit it or stick it. But she was closed. Little, warm hand touched herself to the rough head and, as if it was a sign of irresistible power, freely and boldly ran through the woolly body, Tormosha, caress and tick. - Mom, children! Look: I caress the Kusaku! - shouted Lelia. When children, noisy, ringwheat, quick and bright, as the droplets of ripped mercury came running, Cousaca froze from fear and helpless expectations: she knew that if someone would hit her, she would no longer be pounded into the body of the offender with their sharp The teeth: she took her implacable malice. And when all the opposition began to caress her, she still shuddered with every touch of her hand for a long time, and it hurts her from unusual affection as if from the blow.

All the little dog souls bloomed Kusaka. She had a name for which she had rummaged from the green garden depth; She belonged to people and could serve them. Is it not enough for happiness of the dog? With a habit of moderation, created years of stray, hungry life, she ate very little, but this small changed it to unrecognizable: long wool, which first hung with red, dry cosmas and on the belly, always covered with dry mud, cleared, smoking and began to glove, As an atlas. And when she came from nothing to do to the gate, he became at the threshold and it was important inspecting the street up and down, no one came to mind to tease her or throw a stone. But with such a pride and independent of it only alone. Fear is not quite still fell out with fire caress from her heart, and every time the form of people, with their approximation, she was lost and waited for the beatings. And for a long time, every calamity seemed to her surprise, a miracle whom she could not understand and which she could not answer. She did not know how to gem. Other dogs can become on the hind legs, rub off at the feet and even smile, and so they express their feelings, but she did not know how. The only thing that Kusak could fall on his back, close his eyes and sneak slightly. But this was not enough, it could not express her delight, gratitude and love, - and with the sudden nate Kusaka began to do what, perhaps, someday she saw from other dogs, but forgot. She ridiculously tumbled, clumsily jumped and drunk around himself, and her body, who was always so flexible and clever, became stale, funny and miserable. - Mom, children! Look, Kusaka plays! - Screaming Lelia and, choking on laughter, asked: - Women, plumbing, still! Like this! So ... And everyone gathered and laughed, and Kusaka was driving, tumbled and fell, and no one saw in her eyes of a strange plea. And as before the dog was shouted and hung up to see her desperate fear, so now we have trapped it, to cause a tide of love, infinitely funny in their clumsy and ridiculous manifestations. It did not take place in order for any of the teenagers or children to shout: - Flooring, cute bunning, play! And the nipper is drunk, tumbled and fell with a faded haughty laughter. She was praised with her eyes and spoke only about one thing that, with outsiders who came to visit, she does not want to show his pieces and runs away to the garden or hiding under the terrace. Gradually, Kusaka got used to the fact that food does not need to take care of food, since at a certain hour the cook will give her any lesions and bones, confidently and calmly lay down in his place under the terrace and was already looking for and asked for caress. And she relieved: rarely ran with the cottage, and when young children called her with him in the forest, evasively wiely the tail and disappeared. But at night, everything is the same loud and vigilan was her watchman Lai.

Yellow lights caught fire with autumn, frequent rains cried the sky, and quickly began to be allowed and silent, as if continuous rain and the wind were quenched, exactly the candles, one after another. - How do we like to be with a busta? - Lelia asked in thought. She sat, engulfing his knees, and sadly looked into the window, on which brilliant drops of the starting rain rolled out. - What is your pose, Lelia! Well, who sits so? - Mother said and added: - And Kusaku will have to leave. God with her! "Msa-A-Lko," Lelia extended. - Well, what can you do? We have no yard, but it is impossible to keep it in the rooms, you yourself understand. - Zhaya-Lko, - repeated Lelia, ready to cry. Already raised, like wings of swallows, her dark eyebrows and sorry shine a pretty spout, when the mother said: "Dogaev have long been offered me a puppy." They say very pure and already serves. Can you hear me? And this is what - a pointing! - Zhaya-Lko, - repeated Lelia, but did not cry. Repended again unfamiliar people, and dripped the carts, and groaned under the heavy steps of the floorboard, but there was less a dialect and laughing was not heard at all. Frightened by other people, vaguely sighting trouble, Kusaka fled to the edge of the garden and from there, through the thinned bushes, it was relentlessly to her corner of the terrace and on the figures that had revealed on it in red shoes. "You're here, my poor plumbing," Lelia said. She was already dressed in a road - at that brown dress, a piece from which Cousare was torn off, and a black blouse. - Let's go with me! And they came out on the highway. The rain was taken to go, she subsided, and all the space between the blackened land and the sky was full of blurred, fast walking clouds. From the bottom it was clear how heavy they are impenetrable for light from the water than their water and how boring the sun for this is a densit wall. Left from the highway stretched a darkened fit, and only on a bug and close horizon with single coupes rose low scattered trees and bushes. Ahead, not far, was the observation and a restaurant with an iron red roof near her, and a bunch of people teased a rustic fool Ilyusha. - Give a penny, - Gnut a long fool, and evil, mocking voices in vain answered him: - Do you want to prick the firewood? And Ilyusha cynically and dregs, and they laughed without fun. The sunbeam, yellow and anemic, as if the sun was incurable sick; Wyry and sadder became a foggy autumnal distance. "Boring, Kusaka!" Lelie's quietly rushed and, without looking back, went back. And only at the station she remembered that he did not say goodbye to Kusaka.

Cousaca has long rushed in the footsteps of the people who have left people, Ducked and dirty - returned to the cottage. There she did another new thing that no one, however, did not see: the first time she climbed onto the terrace and, having risen to the rear paws, looked into the glass door and even screamed the claws. But the rooms were empty, and no one answered Kusaka. Fresh rain rose, and from everywhere began to shift the darkness of the autumn long night. Quickly and deaf, he filled out an empty cottage; He silently crawled out of the bushes and, together with the rain, pulled out from the unsolved sky. On the terrace with which the canvas was lifted, which it seemed to be extensive and strangely empty, the light was still fought with dirty and sadly illuminated the tracks of the dirty feet, but he soon gave way. Night has come. And when there was no doubt that she came, the dog was complaints about and loudly. The ringing, sharp, like despair, was broken by this war in the monotonous, sullenly humble noise of rain, cut through the darkness and, having silent, rushed over a dark and naked field. The dog has collapsed - smoothly, persistently and hopelessly calmly. And to the one who heard this war, it seemed that it was moaning and rushes to the light herself overweightless night, and wanted to warm to bright fire, to a loving female heart. Dog lined.

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"Kusaka" is an uncomplicated, life and very touching story about a courtyard, which was able to earn human love, even despite his danger and distrust. The story "Kusaka", the reviews about which is more enthusiastic, forces the reader to think about the attitude towards our smaller brothers.

Love does not choose

You can love not only your comfortable, domesticated puppies and kittens. Love are worthy of both street-free karans who have the same heart. Modern literature rarely raises questions that affect Kusaka's story. Feedback from grateful readers say that this small literary work makes it literally to go outside and put a stray animal, feed the poiron and give some love to the abandoned puppy without a pedigree. Lyuda love is very selective: the pretty journal is fed much more often than battered and dirty. "Kusaka" shows how it actually happens to be hurt by this unfortunate, no one needs to poorer.

Leonid Andreev and the skill of his image

Probably, almost everyone who wanted to write a review on the story of "Kusaka", which would have mentioned the abundance of stylistic figurative funds, to which his author Leonid Andreev resorted. The central character of the story is akin to a foul, whose behavior is argued from a human point of view. Describes the feelings and thoughts of the dog, her expectations and disappointment. This reception in the literature is called anthropomorphism when animals are endowed with human qualities. Also uses many epithets, with which it shows its attitude to the unfortunate abandoned dog. The author argues her telling a story about how the dog lost the last droplets of confidence in a person. It is unlikely that someone would have managed to create the same bright and quite realistic image of the dog, how did Andreeva turned his cousaba. Reviews of literary critics about this work, in general, were kept in the same enthusiastic vein as the reviews of grateful readers.

Temporary happiness

In addition to a characteristic dog, a few more characters appear in the story. One of them, a man's drunk, becomes the cause of eternal distrust of the mongrels to the human race. Initially, the man is going to climb a dog, but in the end, the green sniped is overshadowing his mind, and the animal, preparing for affection, gets only tumaki. Little girl Lelja, in turn, gives a dog's dog, even though she managed to tear off a whole piece from her dresses. A good-natured girl becomes the first who manage to tame an intimidant and incredulous mongrel. A strikingly, what a huge range of human feelings and emotions shows the story "Kusaka". Reviews readers suggest that all the characters are portrayed very realistic and alive, while Leonid Andreev uses the minimum number of dialogs and descriptions. Relationships of an incredulous cousaret with people are improving every day: the dog learns to believe people and take affection from them, learns to ask for a treat and merry the kids.

What to do if you did not like the story

The polarion enjoys a happy carefree life and does not think that this unexpected happiness will completely end. When comes cold seasonPeople leave the cottage, and the little Lele can not convince mom to pick up his beloved cousare. The reader becomes a little offensive: was it really for greater realism needed to resort to such an ending that Leonid Andreev used? "Kusaka", the reviews about which are diverse, can cause the reader a sense of injustice or even indignation. But, perhaps, it is these feelings to force him once again to go outside and feed or even build a small house for him. The story "Kusaka" shows how little, in fact, you need a regular dog: love, food and man to whom you can take away for caress. Such stories will be the best thing that is in them.