Alexander Vladimirovich Frolov

New energy sources

Dedicated to my parents, teachers and associates.

From the possible to the real!

Foreword

In 2010, twenty years have passed since I began to pursue such an exciting field of natural science as alternative energy. In the 1990s, Russia underwent not only qualitative changes in politics and economics, but also new opportunities to expand the horizon of knowledge. Some newspapers ran private ads in English, and one of them caught my attention. It was about some new inventions ... they wrote about "energy sources that do not require fuel." Fiction?! We began to correspond, gradually the circle of acquaintances increased, and I began to receive by mail the most interesting books, conference materials and articles on the work of scientists and inventors in different countries of the world. At the same time, I studied English.

Since 1991, I have taken part in scientific conferences, where I met many Russian and foreign scientists - researchers. In 1994, I bought my first computer and started chatting on the net. In 1996, we organized an international conference "New Ideas in Natural Science" in St. Petersburg. We have collected over a hundred speakers from Russia and 30 researchers from other countries. In 2001, with our partners, we created the Faraday Laboratory of New Technologies LLC, began experimental work and for several years published the international journal New Energy. These processes undoubtedly influenced technical progress in general, as a wide exchange of ideas and practical knowledge gave its results.

The modern community of people interested in these topics is very diverse in professional training, but has representatives in all technically developed countries. What unites us is that the main directions of our research lead to the creation of new types of energy sources that do not require hydrocarbon or other fuels, independent of the sun and wind, as well as to the introduction of new modes of transport that do not use the jet principle. These changes characterize a qualitatively new level of civilization development. The importance of these areas was obvious twenty years ago, but then the world was not ready for their development and implementation. Perhaps that is why the crisis came ...

However, the current situation for the introduction of these technologies is very favorable, thanks to this crisis, which arose at the beginning of the XXI century and continues to deepen. The cause of the crisis in the modern world economy is artificial monopoly on fuel technologies in transport and energy supply, from where artificial price peg for oil against the dollar. The only solution is to change the fuel concept to no fuel. Modern technologies already make it possible to obtain energy without fuel, without sun and wind. This is not fiction. As a result, all industries can reduce costs and increase profitability, especially transport and agricultural production. Only those countries that quickly deploy the production of new energy sources, of any capacity, will be able to raise their production level and reduce prices. They will be able to compete ... The crisis is developing precisely because the world economy "grew" out of the fuel system, it is cramped within the old framework. New technical solutions have long been found, but they are not allowed to develop for a simple reason: raw material monopolists are trying to maintain their status, instead of developing new markets and new power engineering, operating without fuel.

Only a change in the outdated fuel concept of energy can bring the economies of countries to a new level of development and end wars for raw materials. This meets the needs of the economy in the qualitative expansion of the market for goods and services, and also leads us to a new understanding of the structure of space-time, and the development of fundamentally new ways of moving in space, including in space.

Discussions about "perpetual motion machines" on the Internet are often very contradictory, therefore, one of the important tasks is to restore terminology, to cleanse the primary copyright information from the conjectures of "followers". For example, the term "free energy" used here is different from the physical concept "free energy of a particle of matter." Here it has the meaning of the phrase translated from English "free of charge energy", which means "free energy". In the Russian version, the term “free energy” also gives an understanding of the results and prospects for the introduction of such new technologies: energy consumers are freed from the need to use fuel and pay for energy resources. Of course, there remain such financial characteristics as the cost of manufacturing technical devices - energy sources and maintenance costs. A technical device cannot be created for free, and the cost of some design solutions in the field of free energy is quite high. However, in cases such as replacing gasoline, diesel and gas turbine power plants with modern generators that do not require fuel, the investment pays off quickly enough. The high demand for such technologies is also due to the possibility of reducing the cost of transportation, including sea and aviation. The profit of the production of any product, especially agricultural, as well as of all work performed by powerful equipment with internal combustion engines that consume fuel, increases. Another important applied aspect of such technologies is the autonomy of housing and other facilities.

The topic is very broad ... I will try to tell you about the most interesting projects over these twenty years. I hope this book will help develop your own research.

I wish you experimental success!

Frolov Alexander Vladimirovich

Chapter 1 Our Purpose and Means to Achieve It

The development and well-being of the city, the success of the nation, the progress of the entire human race are determined by the available energy. We should not be satisfied with simply improving steam engines or inventing new batteries. We have something better to work for, a greater challenge. We must develop methods of obtaining energy from sources that are inexhaustible, improve methods that do not require the consumption and cost of any materials.

Nikola Tesla "Mission of Science", 1900

Any meaningful activity has a purpose. In this case, this goal is to free society from energy dependence, which should lead to the creation of better conditions for its development, including for strengthening the economy and defense capability.

There are different forms of addiction, such as drugs or tobacco. A person who is dependent on some need does not have complete freedom of action, that is, he cannot develop normally, and degrades. Likewise, enterprises and economies of entire countries dependent on energy resources have development constraints. Of course, it is sometimes used as political levers of control over regions and countries ... it is, so to speak, a modern form of geopolitical feudalism. The economies of energy exporting countries are directly dependent on this process, which makes it one-sided and vulnerable.

Military-technical specialists, having familiarized themselves with the materials presented in this book, will be able to use them in the design of qualitatively new types of military equipment and weapons. On the other hand, new energy technologies lead to greater political stability, reducing the reasons for wars over oil and gas resources.

The world is changing as a result of the introduction of new technologies. At the same time, due to the appearance of free time and comfortable conditions, a person receives the best conditions for development, although not all people use these conditions wisely. The time when everyone will be able to take advantage of free energy technologies will mark the beginning of a truly civilized era. An understanding will come that we live in an ocean of energy, it is a gift from God, then the monopoly of fuel traders will end.

Now, in 2012, we are comfortable with some energy sources that do not require fuel, such as those using sunlight. We understand them as converters of one type of energy into another. Similar technologies make it possible to obtain thermal energy by absorbing energy from the environment (heat pumps), and such devices are no longer surprising with their efficiency indicators.

For example, in a conventional air conditioner, 1 kilowatt of electricity spent on the operation of a compressor and a circulation pump makes it possible to transfer 4-7 kilowatts of heat from the external environment to the house, or to cool the room in the same economical way. Future technologies that convert energy from other sources into heat, or into electricity, for the consumer, at first seem strange and surprising, but we will get used to them too.

Chopra K., Das S.
Translation from English with abbreviations. - Moscow: Mir, 1986 .-- 435 p. with illustrations

Fundamental work of scientists from India, considering the application of thin-film photoconverters. Most of the research is devoted to the study of the properties of semiconductor films. Research work was carried out mainly with silicon films, as well as with films based on copper sulfide.

The purpose of these works was to create a basis for the production of promising thin-film photoconverters and, ultimately, for the manufacture of light but powerful solar cells.

The book is intended for developers of modern solar energy components.

N. Gerasimenko, Y. Parkhomenko.
Moscow: Technosphere, 2007 .-- 351 p. with illustrations.

This monograph discusses the use of silicon in such rapidly developing areas as nanoelectronics and nanophotovoltaics. The effects and processes in quantum-size film structures, the possibilities of their practical use in the development and production of thin-film photoconverters are investigated. Submissions on physical limitations are given. Also, promising technologies for the production of nanoscale silicon films are considered.

IN AND. Vissarionov, G.V. Deryugin, V.A. Kuznetsova, N.K. Malinin
Moscow: "Solar Energy" MPEI, 2008. - 317 p.

This book is of interest to specialists involved in the design of helium energy systems. The main provisions of this direction are systematized. An original technique has been developed to perform calculations for various helium power plants. The operation of helium power plants in various systems and in different modes is considered. A method is given for calculating the useful power of solar radiation for receiving surfaces with arbitrary parameters.

In addition, various options for the layout of technical equipment are considered, as well as the characteristics of various power plants - solar collectors, photovoltaic converters. Attention is paid to the environmental aspects of the use of solar energy.

Byers T.
Translation from English. - Moscow: Mir, 1988 .-- 197 p. with illustrations.

This book, written by an American engineer, simply and intelligibly talks about devices that convert the energy of sunlight into electrical energy. The design of twenty solar-powered devices is described in detail. Each of these devices has been thought out in the most meticulous way, its energy part is carefully calculated, the parts have been manufactured and tested, and the assembly itself has passed more than one test. These designs are very diverse. From souvenir models to powerful solar-powered chargers.

The book will undoubtedly appeal to lovers of tinkering, doing various things with their own hands.

Stan Gibilisco
Translation from English. - Moscow: Eksmo-Press, 2010 .-- 368 p. with illustrations.

Stan Gibilisco is a talented radio engineer, scientific columnist, writer, author of many works in the field of electronics, applied sciences, mathematics, computing, energy. His books, written in a lively, accessible language, sometimes with subtle humor, are quickly becoming bestsellers. This book was no exception. In it, the author discusses in an accessible form what can replace traditional fossil energy sources.

The twelfth chapter of the book is entirely devoted to solar energy. The author examines various types of solar power plants - from the largest to the smallest, home, analyzes various types of photovoltaic converters, gives practical recommendations for using solar panels.

Construction of solar collectors for hot water (Practical guide)

Regina Drexel, Rostom Gamisonia
Translated from German. Publication WECF e.V, Women in Europe for a Common Future: April 2010. - 28 p. with illustrations.

WECF is an international ecological network that includes dozens of women's organizations, as well as environmental associations from forty countries, promotes an ecologically clean environment for us and implements relevant projects in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. WECF partners are the University of Savoy and the SOLAR association.

This brochure introduces solar hot water, discusses the various models of solar collectors, and provides instructions on how to make and install an inexpensive solar water heater at home. All materials are available at any building materials store. This DIY helium manifold will reliably supply hot water all year round, even in very cold winter temperatures.

Kharchenko N.V.
Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1991 .-- 208 p.

The book describes in detail the various designs of helium plants for supplying homes with hot water. The methodology and examples of calculations of typical structures are given, advice is given on the selection of the necessary components. The publication contains instructions for the collection of solar installations for houses, farms, swimming pools, heating greenhouses, the organization of combined heating of country houses and summer cottages from various solar collectors.

Each individual case of using helium collectors has its own, original design features. Nevertheless, there are principles of their construction that are common to all devices, which are described in this book. The criteria for the expediency of using a particular design of solar collectors for various applications are described.

Translated from Hungarian. ─ Budapest: GB-GANZ Tüzelestechikai Kft, 2007 .-- 32 p. with illustrations.

A very useful brochure for specialists working in helium energy and dealing with the problems of heating and hot water supply to homes. The book provides a general overview of the possibilities of using solar radiation as a free eternal source of energy. The questions of application of different types of solar collectors, their efficiency for obtaining the desired results are considered. Recommendations are given for the correct and most efficient installation of solar collectors of various types.

Aspects of the practical application of solar energy in systems with temperatures below 70 ° C, as well as special issues on the use of solar energy are considered. The elements of the construction systems of helium plants for hot water supply and heating using solar collectors of various types are considered in detail. Typical diagrams for connecting various collectors to the water supply and heating system are given.

practical designs for the use of wind, sun, earth, water, biomass energy
Germanovich V., Turilin A.
St. Petersburg: Science and Technology, 2014 .-- 320 p.

The problem of replacing fossil energy carriers is becoming relevant not only on a planetary scale. Increasingly, alternative energy installations are being used to meet energy needs - electrical or thermal. These can be solar, wind, hydraulic, biological installations. The book analyzes in detail various options for using unconventional energy sources. Moreover, the problems of using such sources are considered not only on the scale of any region, district, but also for individual use.

Several chapters of the book are devoted to the use of solar energy to provide electricity and heat to individual buildings: country houses, summer cottages, greenhouses, etc. Both industrial power plants for individual use and homemade ones are considered. Practical recommendations are given for the independent manufacture of solar systems. Examples of structures for making them with your own hands are given, in particular, solar panels, collectors, heating systems.

A.P. Kashkarov
Moscow: DMK Press, 2011. ─ 144 p.

In the book, among other things, readers are popularly told about how the conversion of solar radiation into electrical and thermal energy occurs. A special section describes in detail non-standard electronic devices that are in one way or another related to energy converters. The relevant sections detail the rules for building home power plants.

A detailed analysis and comparison of some modifications of helium panels and their description are given. At the same time, detailed descriptions, diagrams are given, as well as tips on how to assemble some electronic control circuits with your own hands for arranging a suburban home. For practical use, a list of powerful solar panels is provided, as well as recommendations for assembling various elements and structures of home power plants. At the end of the book there are various reference books, as well as other information that may be useful to readers who prefer to make their own hands.

McWaig D.
Moscow: Energoizdat, 1981. ─ 216 p.

The topic of this book has a rather narrow focus. It discusses the mechanisms of using solar energy to provide hot water and heating of living quarters. First, the theoretical aspects of the problem are presented, various approaches to solving specific problems of using solar energy are studied. After setting out the theoretical foundations, the author moves on to practical issues. Numerous designs of helium collectors are considered in detail by nodes, and for each type of collector, highly specific design parameters and ratios are given.

Specific schemes of solar hot water supply, heating, and air conditioning are given, various implemented and successfully operating installations are considered. As an example, the performance characteristics obtained from helium plants operating in real "solar" houses are shown. In addition, other forms of using the energy of solar radiation are briefly outlined, for example, for obtaining cold, desalting water, etc.

Potapov A.S.
Moscow: Transport, 1996. ─ 166 p.

The book tells about the prospects for the development of helium energy, about the history of the creation of environmentally friendly modes of transport operating on electricity, about autonomous vehicles, for the engines of which the sun gives energy. These are solar cars, yachts, boats with helium panels on board, the so-called solar planets, the wings of which are giant solar panels, these are airships whose hulls are covered with flexible helium batteries ...

The author of the book - a young scientist, candidate of technical sciences, leads a team of young enthusiasts of solar transport - very fascinatingly conveyed to readers a rather complex, but interesting material, tells about direct participation in international competitions - a rally of cars powered by solar energy. The book is intended for a wide range of readers who are interested in the latest developments in the field of solar energy, environmentally friendly transport.

This section of our library collects books and articles devoted to the general problems of alternative energy, the justification for the need to switch from traditional fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. If you have materials that are not presented here, send these materials for publication in our library.

M.V. Golitsyn, A.M. Golitsyn, N.V. Pronina. "Alternative energy sources"

Ed. Science, Moscow, 2004, format - .djvu.

The prospects of various energy sources are considered in detail - from coal, oil and gas to the use of alternative energy sources - the sun, wind, ocean, internal heat of the earth, bioenergy, unconventional uses of coal, oil shale, etc.

Sven Udell.

Ed. "Knowledge", Moscow, 1980, format - .djvu.

Renewable Energy in Russia

Ed. International Energy Agency, 2004, format - .djvu.

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the discussion and shaping of Russian energy and climate change policy.

Gevorkian P.

The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2009, in English. language, pdf format, size 11.97 MB.

Practical advice on designing some of the most commercially viable alternative energy technologies. Building materials, deployment of typical plant systems and their impact on the environment are covered. Provides information on LEED design, energy conservation, solar energy financing, return on investment.

Velitsko V.V., Prokhorov A.I. ...

Format - .pdf.

A complex of technologies is considered, which allows creating highly efficient power plants operating both with the use of renewable energy sources and with the use of local types of fuels, as well as qualified fuels (fossil natural gas, SPBT, fuel oil, etc.). All of the above technologies can be implemented separately, but together they allow to obtain a synergistic effect in the form of a technology for creating mini-CHP plants operating using solar, geothermal energy, low-grade local fuels (shale, peat, biomass, etc.), providing efficiency at the level of at least 50%.

International Energy Agency (IEA). Energy Efficiency Indicators: Policy Framework

Ed. IEA, 2014

Energy efficiency is becoming an increasingly important policy priority in many countries around the world. Energy efficiency measures, by reducing or limiting energy consumption, can increase resilience to a variety of risks, such as rising and volatility in energy prices, stress on energy infrastructure, and disruptions to power systems. The Energy Efficiency Indicators: Policy Framework Reference Manual and the companion publication Energy Efficiency Indicators: A Statistical Framework (IEA, 2014) serve to provide the necessary tools to initiate or deepen the development of detailed indicators to support effective energy efficiency policies. The aim of the publication Energy Efficiency Indicators: A Policy Framework is to provide energy analysts with the tools necessary to identify priority areas for the development of energy efficiency indicators, and to select and develop the data and indicators that are best suited to support energy efficiency policies. The information obtained through these indicators will help policymakers set energy efficiency goals and track progress towards achieving them.

L.M. Chetoshnikov.

SUSU Publishing Center, study guide, 2010, format - .pdf.

The textbook contains theoretical and practical material for practical training in the course "Non-traditional renewable energy sources". Tasks for calculating the power of solar panels, wind power plants, small hydroelectric power plants are presented.

Volker Quaschning. "Understanding Renewable Energy Systems"

Ed. Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co KG, 2005, format - .pdf, language - English.

The book examines the general problems of the need for renewable energy, examines in detail the use of solar radiation to build thermal systems and photovoltaic converters, a separate chapter is devoted to the use of wind energy.

"Power Systems of the Future"

Published by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, February 2015, pdf format, English language.

Significant changes in technology, environmental policy, financing and business models are driving global changes in the energy supply sector. In the light of these changes, the question "Will there be a transition to new energy systems?" Rather, one should ask "How soon will this transition take place?" This article explores the paths and approaches that will serve as a model for such a transition.

In this section, you can read books on alternative energy, download magazines and brochures about alternative energy sources. You can also offer to post your literature on similar topics. Email us through.

Wind power

Literature related to wind energy. Books about wind generators, schemes and calculations of wind turbines, etc.

001. "How to make your own wind turbine"E.M. Fateev ()
002. "Wind turbines and wind turbines"E.M. Fateev ()
003. "Inexhaustible energy. Book 1 Wind Power Generators
004. "Loads on elements of a wind power plant, on its foundation and base"V. V. Elistratov, I. A. Konstantinov, A. A. Panfilov ()
005. "Library of the young designer. The simplest wind farm"B. B. Kazhinsky ()
006. "Inexhaustible energy. Book 2 Wind Power"V. S. Krivtsov, A. M. Oleinikov, A. I. Yakovlev ()

Solar energy

Books about solar panels and heliosystems. Descriptions and designs of devices that convert the energy of the sun.

001. "Silicon solar cells"Gliberman A.Ya., Zaitseva A.K. ()
002. "Solar heating and cooling systems"Sarnatsky E. V., Chistovich S. A. ()
003. "Solar energy"Umarov G. Ya., Ershov A. A. ()
004. "The sun"G. A. Aristov ()
005. "Residential buildings with autonomous solar heating and cooling"S. Tanaka, R. Souda ()

Ecology

Everything related to ecology, environmental audit, etc. New technologies in ecology, environmental problems and prospects.

001. "Waste sorting lines: application prospects", V.G. Petrov, A.A. Chechina ()
002. "Weather control", I. M. Bekkerman, L. V. Samsonenko ()
003. "Waste water disposal", edited by T. A. Karyukhina ()
004. "The most amazing fossil", I. A. Filippovsky ()

Technology

Various technologies related to alternative energy and energy saving.

001. "LEDs", F. Schubert ()
002. "Silicon - a material of nanoelectronics", N. Gerasimenko, Yu. Parkhomenko ()
003. "Electrochemical power engineering", Korovin N. V. ()
004. "Electrochemical technology of inorganic substances, and chemical current sources", Zaretsky S. A., Suchkov V. N., Zhivotinsky P. B. ()
005. "Motor fuels from alternative raw materials", G. A. Terent'ev, V. M. Tyukov, F. V. Smal ()
006. "Alternative energy sources", M. V. Golitsyn, A. M. Golitsyn, N. M. Pronina ()
007. "Electric car: technology and economy", V. A. Shchetina, Yu. Ya. Morgovsky ()
008. "Electric vehicle calculation", Busygin B. P. ()
009. "Introduction to Hydrogen Energy", E. E. Shpilride, S. P. Malyshenko ()
010. "Individual greenhouses in a modern home", translated from Fin. V. P. Kalinin ()
011. "Thermoelectric generators", Bernstein A. S. (